European permanent grasslands (PG) vary widely in their environment, agricultural management, and botanical composition. This diversity affects their potential for delivering ecosystem services, shapes the challenges and opportunities and challenges associated with their agricultural management, and determines the threats they face. The existence and management of permanent grasslands is key to the delivery of multiple ecosystem services (ES) across Europe. However, PG maintenance and functions are under threat from sub-optimal management of inputs, cultivation in higher output farming systems and abandonment in remote and marginal areas. The overall objective of the SUPER-G project was to co-develop sustainable PG systems and policies with farmers and policy makers that will be effective in optimising productivity, whilst supporting biodiversity and delivering several other ES.
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