Field trials and experiments to study innovative permanent grassland (PG) management options were carried out across a network of 23 farms and on 17 experimental platforms, located across five biogeographic regions (Atlantic, Continental-Pannonian, Alpine, Boreal, Mediterranean). Management options and innovative technologies focused on the provisioning of ecosystem services (ES) while maintaining productivity and profitability. The following four overarching themes, identified in WP3 (Task 3.3) were assessed: i) new grassland species, diverse species swards, ii) precision grassland management, iii) nutrient management, and iv) agri-environment options. As a next step, as part of Task 3.4, a set of seven criteria were used for their assessment, i.e., improved provision of studied ES, potential for provisioning multiple ES, technology readiness level, ease-of-use by farmers, useability for pastures and/or meadows, potential to improve profitability, and relevance and/or transfer beyond local context.
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